Smart city is a new concept and new model that uses the Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, spatial and geographic information integration and other next-generation information technologies to promote the wisdom of urban planning, construction, management and services。With the continuous expansion of the size of Chinese cities and the increase of urban population, the government has introduced multi-level policies to help accelerate the construction of smart cities, continue to increase the scale of smart city market expenditure, and the number of smart city pilots has gradually increased。 In 2020, China's smart city market spending scale will reach 25.9 billion US dollars。In the future, smart city solutions will develop in many fields。

　　I. Overview of smart city industry

　　01, What is a smart city

　　2008年，IBM first laid out its "smarter planet" vision，Under this framework，IBM uses the concept of "smarter cities" to cover hardware, software, management, computing, data analysis and other business integration services in the city field。The new round of technological revolution has entered the city, a huge practice place, and has become a widely accepted comprehensive development concept after different interpretations, applications and conceptual extensions。

　　The rise of smart cities，Thanks to the ICT technology revolution brought about by network connectivity, data explosion, computer and cloud processing power improvement, the application of Internet of Things technology，Change the way cities perceive, relate, and respond to internal and external changes，It has formed urban applications suitable for infrastructure, urban services, traffic management, intelligent buildings, business services and other fields。

　　02, smart cities can produce huge social welfare

　　The changes brought by technology to urban development mode include low-cost information flow and interaction mode, dynamic real-time global information and response ability, new infrastructure investment mode and construction mode, and the rise of new economy and new industries。

　　Studies have shown that smart city-related applications can reduce urban assault, robbery and theft rates by 30-40%, reduce urban greenhouse gas emissions and non-recyclable waste by 10-20%, reduce commuting time by 15-20%, and increase the number of urban jobs.0-3.0%, which increases the urban GDP growth rate by 0%.7%。From smart transportation to smart medical treatment, from energy saving and environmental protection to convenient people's lives, the value improvement space brought by new technologies to urban society is still huge。

　　03, China's smart city development stage

　　China's smart city construction has gone through three stages。The first phase was mainly from 2008 to 2012，The stage is characterized by the introduction of smart city concepts，All fields separately promote the digital and intelligent transformation of the industry，As a whole, it belongs to the dispersed construction stage;The second stage is mainly from 2012 to 2015，The stage is characterized by the pilot exploration and development of smart cities，Under the guidance of the Smart City Inter-Ministerial Coordination Working Group，Various service application areas began to explore local linkage and sharing，Smart city enters the stage of standardized development;The third phase has been in operation since 2016，All-round iteration and upgrading of smart city development concepts, construction ideas, implementation paths, operation modes, and technical means，It has entered the development stage of a new type of smart city that is people-oriented, result-oriented, coordinated and intensive, and collaborative innovation。

　　From the development focus，We will further strengthen the overall layout of urban smart facilities and the construction of common platforms，Break down data silos，Strengthen overall coordination between urban and rural areas，Form a smart city integrated operation pattern;From the implementation effect，By stacking 5G, big data, artificial intelligence and other new technology development dividends，We will promote the emergence of smart city networking, smart new models and new forms of business，Form ubiquitous intelligent services。

　　Second, deconstruct the smart city industrial chain

　　01, smart city technology architecture

　　It is generally believed that the overall architecture of a smart city includes five levels: the perception layer, the communication and network layer, the city data and control layer, the city application layer and the support system layer。The city data and control layer is the core function of smart city，The communication and network layer and the support system layer provide the necessary support for the operation of smart cities，These three can be said to be the "operating system" of smart cities.，It is the basic environment for smart city operation;On this basis，Urban applications and all kinds of sensing terminals can be mounted on it，Serving all aspects of urban life。

　　At the same time, smart cities provide applications across the public and business sectors to enhance and create value。Smart cities generate multiple application types based on infrastructure and "operating system"。Among them, smart city applications in the fields of infrastructure and basic public services have the attributes of public goods and should be led by city governments;On this basis, as service needs in the urban scene continue to become more complex, there are more and more products and services that can and need to be provided by the market with higher efficiency and quality。

　　In actual construction, cities can selectively and gradually develop smart city applications according to their own characteristics, needs, funds, etc。

　　In terms of technology, China has become one of the fastest growing countries in ICT applications。With the popularization of mobile Internet, the economies of scale of ICT development have become prominent, and technologies related to smart cities such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, sensors, and communication have been applied in the commercial field on a large scale, laying a deep technical foundation for the related innovation of smart cities。

　　Artificial intelligence: Artificial intelligence technology represented by deep learning is rapidly popularized and has achieved commercial landing in security, medical health, finance, e-commerce retail, autonomous driving and other fields。

　　Big data: The number of 4G users in China is close to 1 billion, and the number of Internet users is nearly 800 million. The massive unstructured data formed by network connections exceeds the traditional data by many orders of magnitude, and the real-time management, exchange, storage and mining technology of streaming data is rapidly maturing。

　　Sensing and control technology: through object sensing, active participation, passive perception and other ways to transmit location, behavioral activities, environmental information, etc., to achieve remote interaction and control, and may be widely used in various fields of production and life。

　　Cloud computing: The maturity of IaaS, SaaS, and PaaS services provides an environment for the operation, management, and scheduling of large-scale software, hardware, and data to meet sharing and interaction requirements。

　　Communication technology: NB-IoT, eMTC, 5G and other technologies are commercialized to accelerate the development of connection capacity and speed, enabling more comprehensive and complex urban applications。

　　02, smart city industry chain

　　The smart city industry has a large range, many fields and a long chain，Attracted a lot of players to enter，Including ICT equipment suppliers, telecom operators, system integrators, software developers, Internet companies, financial companies and real estate companies，Each type of enterprise takes its own core competence and product as the entry point，Horizontally expand the application field，Vertically penetrate and extend the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain，Actively build an ecosystem。

　　A complete smart city ICT ecosystem includes partners in investment and financing, top-level design, integration, operation, business application, ICT infrastructure and other links，Combine smart city architecture，Select enterprises with strong business representation in all aspects such as standards, top-level design, infrastructure, intelligent center, intelligent application, operation services, and network security，Form the following smart city industry map。

　　From the perspective of the industrial chain, the upstream of smart city construction is mainly the hardware and software design and manufacturing required。The hardware manufacturing part includes video acquisition hardware facilities widely used in security, traffic and other fields;The core of modern information technology development - chip manufacturing, the main representative manufacturers are Huawei hisilicon, Tsinghua Unigroup, ZTE Microelectronics and so on。In terms of software design, Donghua Software, MegVII Technology, China Control Group, etc., have certain competitive advantages。

　　The middle reaches of the industrial chain are mainly the construction and operation of smart cities，Including the government and various design institutes for the top-level design of the entire smart city，System integration of iFLYtek, Kingdee, Sunsea Intelligence and other enterprises，The three major operators providing operational services and Datang Telecom, Fiberhome Communication and other enterprises，And provide industry solutions Huawei, ZTE, Inspur, aerospace information and other manufacturers。

　　The downstream of the smart city industry chain is mainly the application of intelligent information technology to various scenarios of urban operation and development, covering dozens of scenarios such as smart government affairs, smart transportation, smart medical care, smart logistics, smart security, smart education, and smart enterprises。

　　03, smart city industry segmentation field interpretation

　　Standard specification

　　According to incomplete statistics, so far, a total of 25 national standards in the field of smart cities have been issued, and 15 standards are under research, and the main drafting units include the China Institute of Electronic Technology Standardization, the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Shandong Provincial Standardization Institute。

　　Top-level design

　　According to statistics, more than 50% of the cities in the country have issued top-level plans for new smart cities, and government departments tend to entrust third-party institutions to carry out top-level design。There are the following categories of new smart city top-level design service providers: First, research institutes related to smart cities, such as the China Academy of Information and Communications, the State Information Center, the China Institute of Electronic Information Industry Development, and the China System Modern Digital City Research Institute of New Smart City Research。Second, large ICT manufacturers, such as Huawei, Alibaba Cloud, Tencent Cloud, Inspur, ZTE, etc., rely on their strong ICT industry ecological advantages and technological advantages to build a partner ecosystem and become a highly competitive smart city top-level design service provider。The third is large consulting companies, such as McKinsey, Boston Consulting Group, IBM, Accenture, Deloitte and so on。

　　infrastructure

　　Most companies in the infrastructure field span multiple industries, starting from professional products and services to integrated solutions providers。From the perspective of enterprise core business and capability, it can be divided into three categories:

　　First, the integration of infrastructure operations and service providers, such enterprises to iot perception and converged infrastructure construction as the main battlefield, focusing on the iot central control platform and new iot sensing terminal deployment。Most enterprises focus on specific industry iot terminal applications, market concentration in segmented industries is high, leading enterprises have bright competitive advantages, some industries are gradually carrying out standardization and large-scale applications, and industry leaders are gradually transitioning from terminal production to platform and system integration。

　　The second is network infrastructure operation and service providers，Such enterprises mainly involve basic telecommunications, broadband access, satellite Internet and other network construction and operation services，Basic telecom operators rely on basic networks to form monopoly advantages，Third-party broadband access service providers rely on price advantages，Develop the middle and low-end market，Establish partnerships with basic telecom operators。

　　Third, the operation and service providers of storage and accounting infrastructure，Such enterprises mainly involve data center, cloud computing, CDN and other construction and operation services，Basic telecom operators rely on the monopoly advantage of network market，To the data center, cloud computing and other fields along the trend;Internet giants and ICT equipment manufacturers also start from their own business resources and products，Take advantage of software development and algorithms，Provide data center, cloud computing/edge computing integrated solutions。

　　Intelligent center

　　Urban intelligent center is a digital management facility and open innovation platform based on cloud computing, Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies to support the perception of vital signs in urban operation, the optimization of public resource allocation, major time prediction and warning, and macro decision-making and command。Urban smart centers have different names according to their emphasis，For example, the city command center focuses on display and command，The city brain focuses on cross-domain intelligent decision analysis, and the city operation management center focuses on the perception of city operation signs，However, the functional structure and the main body of the industry tend to be unified，其中，Urban brain is currently the most valued development direction by the government and enterprises。

　　China's intelligent center suppliers are mainly divided into the following categories: First, integrated intelligent center suppliers are mainly Internet companies and IT hardware giants, and traditional integrators actively enter the office。Internet giants rely on cloud, data, AI algorithms and other advantages to build urban intelligent center ecology。IT hardware manufacturers rely on the ability to build infrastructure at the management end, and jointly build an open SaaS service ecosystem with partners through converged platforms。Second, there are many types of domain intelligent center enterprises and obvious professional and technical advantages。Such enterprises rely on strong technology accumulation and solution providing capabilities in a single field to build professional centers or platforms in the fields of transportation, security, health and other fields。Third, functional platform enterprises continue to join, and the functional structure tends to be clear。Urban intelligent center is more complex, the giant is responsible for the overall architecture and ecosystem construction, functional platform enterprises mainly provide big data platform, urban information model platform, Internet of things /AI and other technology support platform, application support platform and other core functional platforms, coordinate to build urban intelligent center capabilities。

　　Intelligent application

　　Smart application is an industrial link in the smart city industry graph that is truly delivered to the government, enterprises and individuals. It is oriented to social governance, services for the people, ecological livable, industrial economy and other fields to solve various problems faced by the city, optimize resource allocation, and improve the management and intelligence level of various industries。

　　Most of the domestic smart application providers are mainly in a single field, and some enterprises with a certain scale can provide customers with smart city solutions covering multiple fields, and the overall industry concentration is low and competition is large。Smart city application developers are mainly divided into two categories: first, large solution providers, such as Yinjiang Shares, Yi Hualu, Taiji shares, digital political Tong, etc.;The second is a professional solution provider in a certain industry, with a deep understanding of the field。

　　结语

　　From the perspective of digitalization and technology, the National Development and Reform Commission has clearly defined smart cities, that is, smart cities are new concepts and new models that use the Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, spatial and geographic information integration and other new generation information technologies to promote the wisdom of urban planning, construction, management and services。At present, smart application is the key to the construction of government services, and breaking the "information island", optimizing business processes, and realizing data sharing are the premise of realizing smart application。Government cloud support intelligent applications landing。

　　At present, the overall government cloud construction is in the transition period from "government cloud" to "cloud application"。Urban governance has always been a key area of smart city construction, and after being empowered by intelligent and digital means, the governance level will be more efficient and accurate。For some mature business scenarios, such as security, traffic, etc., the integrated software and hardware solution capability in the scenario will determine the implementation cycle and application effect of the project。

(from China Security Industry network)